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Cerium dioxide CeO2 anti-ultraviolet

Ceria (CeO2) has good anti-ultraviolet ability. The strength of CeO2’s anti-ultraviolet ability is related to its particle size: when the particle size is large, the anti-UV performance is mainly based on reflection and scattering, and it is effective for both medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays, but the anti-ultraviolet ability is relatively weaker; when the particle size decreases, light can pass through the particle surface, and the reflection and scattering of long-wave ultraviolet rays are not obvious, and the small size effect and quantum size effect of the particles cause the absorption band to have a “blue shift” phenomenon, moving toward the short-wave direction, that is, the absorption of medium-wave ultraviolet rays is significantly enhanced, and the anti-UV ability is improved. Nano cerium dioxide has a small particle size with high activity. It can reflect and scatter ultraviolet rays, as well as absorb ultraviolet rays, so it has a stronger shielding properties against ultraviolet rays. When the nano sizes reach a certain small extend and are evenly and stably dispersed, nano ceric oxide has better ultraviolet shielding performance, increasing light quantum efficiency, absorption rate of ultraviolet rays, and can greatly improve visible light transmittance.

Compared with zinc oxide(ZnO) and titanium dioxide(TiO2), cerium dioxide has two advantages in anti-ultraviolet: first, its refractive index is lower than the other two, making the whiteness more natural; second, the UV light it absorbs is mainly through the transition of electronic energy levels, which will not cause photocatalysis, making it an ideal broad-spectrum inorganic ultraviolet shielding material.

Currently, nano cerium dioxide with excellent anti-ultraviolet performance is often used in the following fields:

Coatings: It can be considered to be added to the coating in combination with other materials. While playing an anti-ultraviolet effect, it can also improve aging resistance, mildew resistance, enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break.

Glass: Glass with the addition of cerium dioxidenanopowdercan not only enhance the shielding of glass against ultraviolet rays, but also improve the clear effect of glass.

Textiles: Textiles with the addition of nano cerium dioxide have significantly improved anti-ultraviolet performance, and the effect is still lasting after multiple washings.

Sunscreen products: Good transparency, good anti-ultraviolet effect and show more natural color.

The research on the anti-UV properties of nano cerium dioxide is still deepening, and its application is constantly improving. It is believed that in the future, the use of nano cerium dioxide will be more extensive and its advantages will be further utilized.

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Nano AZO powder，ZnO:Al2O3=99:1, 30nm, 99.9%

I. Outstanding Properties of nano AZO

  1. Excellent Electrical Conductivity: After aluminum doping, the crystal structure of AZO undergoes subtle changes, significantly increasing the electron mobility. This enables AZO to possess good electrical conductivity while maintaining a certain degree of transparency. Its resistivity can be as low as the order of 10⁻⁴Ω·cm, giving it a distinct advantage in the field of transparent conductive materials.
  2. High Transparency: In the visible light range, AZO nanoparticles have very low light absorption and scattering, achieving a light transmittance of over 85%. This property makes it an ideal choice for numerous applications that require transparency and electrical conductivity, such as transparent electrodes and display devices.
  3. Good Chemical Stability: Zinc oxide itself has certain chemical stability, and the doping of aluminum further enhances the chemical inertness of AZO. It can remain stable in various chemical environments, being resistant to oxidation and corrosion. This provides a strong guarantee for its application in various complex environments.
  4. Strong Ultraviolet Absorption Ability: AZO has a strong absorption effect on ultraviolet light, especially in the ultraviolet band of 200 – 400nm. This property gives it broad application prospects in fields such as sun protection and ultraviolet shielding, effectively protecting the human body and materials from ultraviolet damage.

II. Wide Applications of Nano AZO

  1. Solar Cell Field: As a transparent conductive electrode material, Nano AZO can efficiently collect and transport photo – generated carriers, improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells. Its good electrical conductivity and high transparency help reduce the internal resistance loss of the battery, enabling more light energy to be converted into electrical energy. Currently, many research teams are committed to optimizing the application of AZO in solar cells to promote the widespread use of solar energy, a clean energy source.
  2. Display Technology Field: In display devices such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light – emitting diode displays (OLEDs), and touchscreens, AZO is widely used in the preparation of transparent conductive films. It can not only achieve clear and bright image display but also improve the touch sensitivity of the screen, bringing users a more smooth interactive experience. With the continuous development of display technology, the performance requirements for AZO materials are getting higher and higher, and related research and innovation are also ongoing.
  3. Building Energy – Saving Field: Adding AZO nanoparticles to building glass or coatings can prepare intelligent building materials with functions such as heat insulation, thermal insulation, and ultraviolet protection. This material can effectively block the heat and ultraviolet rays in solar radiation from entering the room, reducing the air – conditioning energy consumption of buildings and providing a more comfortable and healthy indoor environment. In an era of advocating energy conservation and emission reduction, the application prospects of AZO in the construction field are very broad.
  4. Other Fields: In addition to the above – mentioned main application fields, AZO also shows great application potential in sensors, catalyst carriers, antibacterial materials, etc. For example, the gas – sensitive sensor based on AZO has high sensitivity and fast response characteristics to various harmful gases and can be used for gas detection in environmental monitoring and industrial production. As a catalyst carrier, AZO can improve the activity and stability of the catalyst, playing an important role in fields such as chemical synthesis and environmental protection.
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The application of nano-titanium oxide in textiles

Nano-TiO2 has attracted much attention due to the advantages of cheap and non -toxic, small particle size, large surface area, high catalytic activity, good absorption performance, strong absorption of ultraviolet capacity, large surface activity, and good stability. At present, TIO2 mainly has the advantages of anti -ultraviolet, antibacterial, anti -static, anti -static, anti -aging, and self -cleaning.

1. Anti -ultraviolet rays

Nano -TiO2 is widely used as anti -ultraviolet absorbers to synthetic fiber fabrics such as polyester, natural fiber cotton fabrics and composite materials. There are experiments to use nano -TiO2 to organize polyester fabrics. The fabric has a good anti -ultraviolet absorption performance, has a good washing resistance, and has a small impact on the rigidity, breathability and strength of the fabric.

2. Antibacterial performance

TIO2 is widely used in textiles as a new type of inorganic antibacterial agent. Its antibacterial performance is widely speined, durable, and safe, and its optical chemical stability is excellent, non -toxic and cheap.

The nano -level TIO2 particles have strong antibacterial properties under the light, and with the increase of antibacterial concentration and light time, the antibacterial rate is increased, and the antibacterial effect is significantly strengthened. It is feasible to treat the nano -TiO2 on the fabric with the soaking method, and the processed fabric has obvious antibacteriality, but the adhesive and dispersant need to be added to improve the combination of TIO2 and fabric. After adding adhesives and dispersing agents, the antibacteriality of the fabric has good water -resistant performance.

3.Anti -static performance

Plants’ anti -static electricity consolidation is to quickly transmit and consume the charge through the conductive of the material, so as to achieve the effect of anticidering. At present, the nano -materials in textiles are mainly TIO2, Zno, graphene, etc.

4. Extraction performance

Add nano TiO2 to chemical fibers, and chemical fibers can be gone. At present, TIO2 is mainly used in polyester fibers as a elimination agent, and has extremely high opaque. The chemical properties are stable, the heat resistance is good, and it is easy to disperse in the original liquid and fiber. It does not affect the strength of the fiber and after the fiber is processed after the light.

5.Anti -aging performance

Many chemical fiber textiles will cause degradation of molecular chain under ultraviolet rays, generating a large amount of free radicals, which greatly affects the color and strength of the textiles. Studies have shown the effects of golden stone nano -titanium dioxide and other effects on the aging performance of high -density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood fiber composite materials. Test results: Nano -titanium dioxide can play a significant anti -aging effect on composite materials.

6. Self -cleaning performance

Nano -TiO2 is stimulated by ultraviolet rays, with strong photocatalytic performance and can oxidize and degrade dirt. Researchers have found that the special interface formed by TIO2 nano -particle sprayed on the material can make the surface of the material present the extraordinary double sparse (hydrophobic and oil). Various textile fabrics processed showed excellent water and oil -refusted. The original physical and chemical properties of fibers such as fiber strength, affinity of dyes, and breath-ability of the fiber have no effect.

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Performance, Application and Development of Nano Nickel-Titanium Memory Alloy Powder

It is common for people to have memory, but it is amazing that metals also have memory! Why shape memory have “memory”?

 

First understand the memory principle and memory characteristics of shape memory alloys

The metal that has been processed into a certain shape at high temperature is rapidly cooled down, plastically deformed into another shape in the low-temperature phase state, and then heated to the high-temperature phase, that is, the temperature that can become a stable state, and the phenomenon of recovering to the shape before low-temperature plastic deformation through martensitic reverse phase transformation is called Shape Memory Effect. Metals with this effect are usually alloys composed of two or more metal elements, so they are called shape memory alloys. The shape memory effect is caused by martensitic phase transformation. The high-temperature phase and low-temperature phase involved in the martensitic phase transformation are called the parent phase and martensitic phase respectively. The driving force for shape recovery is the difference in free energy between the parent phase and the martensitic phase at the heating temperature.

 

Compared with other alloys, Shape Memory Alloys have excellent shape memory effect, excellent superelasticity, good damping properties, wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The elasticity of ordinary metal materials generally does not exceed 0.15%, while that of shape memory alloys is 20% or higher, so Shape Memory Alloys are also called superelastic alloys.

 

Powder parameters of nano nickel-titanium alloys produced by Hongwu Nano

Nano Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy, Nickel Titanium Alloy Nano Powders, particle size 70nm, ratio Ni:Ti=5:5, black solid powder, spherical morphology.

 

Characteristics of nano nickel-titanium alloys

As a new functional material integrating perception and drive, nano Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy is an important member of the intelligent material structure and has important theoretical and applied research value. Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory Alloy is a functional material with high strength, corrosion resistance, good biocompatibility, non-toxicity and medical application prospects. After deformation in the low-temperature phase, it only needs a slight temperature of 20 ~300℃ to restore the shape memorized by the parent phase. Its expansion rate is above 20%, fatigue life is up to 107 times, and damping characteristics are 10 times higher than ordinary springs. It has properties that ordinary metals cannot imagine. Data show that among the existing memory alloys, only Ni-Ti alloy can meet the requirements of chemical and biological reliability at the same time, and it is the only memory alloy currently used in medicine.

 

Application of nano Nickel-Titanium alloy

Because of its unique shape memory effect, biocompatibility, superelasticity and excellent wear resistance, it has been widely used in clinical and medical equipment, and has been widely used in stomatology, orthopedics, orthopedics, ENT, human body pipelines, minimally invasive interventional devices, artificial organs and tissues, coagulation filters, artificial hearts, correction wires, spinal orthopedic rods, patellar concentrators, etc.

 

As one of the key basic materials for intelligent materials, Shape Memory Alloy materials can be called ideal materials across the 21st century. Because it has special properties such as automatic action function and superelasticity, energy saving, and thermal sensitivity, it has not only attracted widespread attention from the industry, but now many domestic units and colleges and universities have applied nano nickel-titanium memory alloys to relevant fields and have achieved certain application results. China has been at the forefront of the world on Ni-Ti alloy in many aspects of medical applications.

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Application and Advantages of Nano ATO in Battery

Conductivity, transparency, stability and preparation make the nano ATO (Antimony Doped Tin Oxide) an important material in the battery field. ATO has a wide range of applications and significant advantages for battery.

Firstly, nano ATO can provide excellent conductive performance. In the battery application, the selection of conductive materials is very important to the current transmission and electrode reaction rate. The nano ATO is high -conductive and can effectively transmit the charge to the battery. Its low resistance characteristics and high electronic migration rates help improve the battery’s conductivity and discharge efficiency. This makes ATO widely used in various battery systems such as lithium -ion batteries, solar cells and fuel cells.

Secondly, nano ATO has good transparency. In some applications, such as transparent electronic devices and photovoltaic applications, the transparency of materials is crucial. The nano ATO has a high radiation rate, which makes it play an important role in transparent electrodes. It can be used for the transparent conductive layer and equipment such as transparent solar cells, touch screens, and LCD display. The high transparency of nano ATO enables light to better penetrate and maintain the transparency and visibility of the equipment.

Thirdly, nano ATO also shows good chemical and thermal stability, enabling it to work stably for a long time in the battery environment. It can tolerate high temperature, high humidity and chemical corrosion conditions, and maintain the electrical and transparency of the material. This makes ATO apply to various battery systems, including high -temperature batteries, humidity sensitive batteries and corrosion -resistant batteries.

In addition, nano ATO also has the advantage of good preparation. It can prepare film, powder and other forms through simple solutions, heat treatment, and film deposition, which is convenient for integration and application in the battery manufacturing process. The flexibility and controllability of this preparation make ATO a regulatable material in the battery, which can meet the needs of different battery applications.

In short, as a conductive transparent material, nano ATO has many application advantages in the battery field. Its excellent conductive performance, high transparency, chemical stability and preparation make it an important material in various battery systems. Its applications are expected to promote the further development of battery technology, bringing unlimited possibilities for renewable energy and portable electronic equipment.

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MgO Temperature Sensor: Principle, Application, and Development Prospects

In modern technology applications, temperature sensor plays the role in various fields. This article will introduce the importance of a common and important temperature sensor – magnesium oxide temperature sensor. We will discuss its work principles, application and prospect.

Working principle

Magnesium oxide temperature sensor is based on the thermoconductive properties of magnesium oxide. When the temperature changes, the conductivity of magnesium oxide will also change. The sensor contains a thin magnesium oxide resistance wire. When the temperature rises, the resistance value of the magnesium oxide resistance wire decreases; and when the temperature decreases, the resistance value increases. With this characteristic, the temperature change can be measured indirectly by measuring the resistance change of the magnesium oxide resistance wire.

Application

Industrial automation: MgO temperature sensor iswidely used in industrial automation to monitor and control the temperature of various industrial processes. For example, in industries such as chemical industry, electric power, and steel, temperature sensors can be used to monitor temperature changes in reactors, boilers, furnaces, and pipelines to ensure safe operation and improve production efficiency.
Environmental monitoring: Magnesium oxide temperature sensor can also be used in the field of environmental monitoring. For example, in atmospheric science research, measuring temperature changes in the atmosphere is critical to understanding climate change and weather forecasting. Magnesium oxide temperature sensor can be used in conjunction with other sensors to provide accurate weather data.
Medical applications: Temperature sensors also play an important rolein medical equipment. Magnesium oxide temperature sensor can be used to monitor body temperature and iswidely used in thermometers, medical imaging equipment, and laboratory instruments.

Development Prospect

The application of magnesium oxide temperature sensor in modern technology is constantly expanding and has shown development prospects in the following areas:

Application in high temperature environment: Magnesium oxide temperature sensor has good high temperature stability and corrosion resistance, which enables it to work stably in high temperature environment. With the increasing demand for high temperature monitoring in the industrial field, the application of magnesium oxide temperature sensors in high temperature conditions will be further expanded.
Accuracy and sensitivity improvement: With the continuous improvement of the process and the development of technology, the accuracy and sensitivity of the magnesium oxide temperature sensor will be further improved. This will make it more useful in more sophisticated applications, such as aerospace and scientific research.
Diversified packaging and integration: Integrating the magnesium oxide temperature sensor with other sensors and chips can realize multi-functional monitoring and intelligent control. Combining it with wireless communication technology can realize wireless monitoring and remote data transmission, further expanding the application field and convenience.

Magnesium oxide temperature sensor, as an important temperature measurement tool, has a wide range of application fields and development prospects. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, magnesium oxide temperature sensor will continue to develop in high-temperature environments, accuracy and sensitivity improvements, and diversified packaging and integration, providing more accurate, reliable and intelligent temperature monitoring solutions for all walks of life.

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About Stealth Materials and Related Nano Materials

Stealth materials, also known as absorbing materials, refer to a type of electromagnetic material that can absorb and attenuate incident electromagnetic waves, convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy, and consume it. They are widely used in military, aerospace, and security fields to reduce the detectability of targets in equipment such as electromagnetic wave detectors, radar systems, and infrared sensors.

 

The principle of stealth materials mainly includes two aspects:

 

Absorption: Stealth materials have the characteristic of highly absorbing electromagnetic waves, which can absorb most or specific wavelengths of light within the spectral range, thereby reducing reflection and scattering. This absorption characteristic can be achieved through appropriate material selection and design, such as using composite materials with absorbing agents or absorbing coatings.

 

Scattering: Stealth materials can change the propagation path of electromagnetic waves by causing them to scatter or refract in different directions, thereby reducing the echo signal of the target. This principle can be achieved through the design of nanostructures, microstructures, or multi-layer materials to alter the interaction between electromagnetic waves and materials.

 

The common nano powder used for stealth applications include iron oxide, nano silver, and so on. They have excellent absorption and scattering characteristics, effectively weaken or shield the reflection and echo signals of electromagnetic waves, and improve the stealth performance of targets. The following are some common applications of nano powders in stealth technology:

 

  1. Iron oxide nano powder: Iron oxide nano powder has excellent wave absorption performance, can absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves, and achieve stealth effect within a certain range.

 

  1. Carbon nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes have high conductivity and good absorption properties, which can absorb and dissipate electromagnetic waves over a wide frequency range. They are used to prepare composite materials with good stealth properties.

 

  1. Graphene: As a two-dimensional material with a single layer of carbon atoms, graphene has excellent electron transfer and absorption properties and can be used to prepare efficient invisible coatings or composite materials.

 

  1. Silver nanoparticles: Silver nanoparticles exhibit excellent absorption performance in the visible light range, capable of absorbing, scattering, or reflecting electromagnetic waves, achieving stealth effects.

 

The above-mentioned nano raw materials are all supplied by Hongwu Nano. Welcome to contact us for further information if you are interested in.

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Effect of Nanopowder on Agricultural Expelling Insect

Nanomaterials have broad application potential in insect repellent agriculture. The following are some common examples of nano powders that may play a role in agricultural pest control:

 

  1. Silica nanoparticles(HW-A213): Silica nanoparticles are widely used in agriculture as an environmentally friendly pesticide. They can adsorb on the surface of insect shells, damage the protective layer of the insect body, and cause dehydration, suffocation, or death of the insect.

 

  1. Metal oxide nano powder: metal oxide nano powder, such as silicon dioxide (HW-T681&T689) and zinc dioxide (HW-Z713), has the effect of insecticide. They can kill insects by photocatalysis, activate the surface of nano powder by ultraviolet radiation, produce free radicals or oxides, and cause damage to insects.

 

  1. Carbon nanotubes(HW-C931): Carbon nanotubes have a large surface area and high mechanical strength. They can be used as carriers to load insecticides onto their surfaces and improve insecticidal efficacy by controlling release. In addition, carbon nanotubes can also be used as insect sensors to monitor and control pests by detecting chemical signals released by insects.

 

  1. Nano boron nitride(HW-L551): Nano boron nitride has excellent thermal conductivity and stability, and can be used to develop efficient fire-resistant materials. In agriculture, it can also be used as an insecticide to control pests through physical effects or interference with the normal physiological activities of insects.

 

  1. Nanographene(HW-C952): Nanographene is a nanomaterial with excellent conductivity and photothermal properties. It can be applied to the electric insecticidal mechanism, which kills pests by heating. Nanographene can generate high temperatures at lower currents, causing fatal damage to agricultural pests.

 

The application of nano powder in agricultural insecticide is mainly reflected in the use of nano pesticide. Nanopesticides are the use of nanotechnology to prepare pesticide active ingredients into nanoscale particles, in order to enhance their solubility, dispersibility, and activity, improve the effectiveness and utilization of pesticides, and ensure their safety and environmental friendliness. In addition, scientific and reasonable agricultural management and the application of comprehensive prevention and control measures remain the key to promoting sustainable agricultural development.

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Two common anti-UV materials: nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO)

Nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) are two commonly-used oxide materials for UV resistance.

 

They have special optical and chemical properties at the nanoscale, making them important candidates in the field of UV resistance.

 

  1. Nanozinc oxide (ZnO), as an excellent ultraviolet shielding agent, shows good ultraviolet absorption properties in the ultraviolet spectrum range. It has high transmittance and excellent optical properties, so it is widely used in the preparation of anti-UVcoatings, fabrics and other products as it has a shielding effect on both UVA (long wave 320 ~ 400nm) and UVB (medium wave 280 ~ 320nm).

 

  1. Nanotitanium dioxide(TiO2)has excellent chemical stability, thermal stability and non-migration, strong achromatic and hiding power, low corrosiveness, good dispersibility, and is non-toxic, odorless and non-irritating, safe to use, and also has the function of sterilization and deodorization.

 

More importantly, nano titanium dioxide can not only absorb ultraviolet rays, but also emit and scatter ultraviolet rays, so it has strong UV resistance. Compared with the same dose of organic anti-UV agents, its absorption peak in the ultraviolet region is higher. Moreover, nano TiO2 has a blocking effect on both medium-wave and long-wave ultraviolet rays, unlike organic anti-UV agents that only have a shielding effect on medium-wave or long-wave ultraviolet rays. Researchers add light shielding agents, light stabilizers, etc. to achieve photoaging resistance of polymer material products, and rutile-type nano TiO2 is non-toxic and odorless to ultraviolet light UVA (315 ~ 400 nm) and UVB (280 ~ 315 nm) ) have a very good shielding effect, do not decompose or discolor after absorbing ultraviolet light, and have excellent stability and durability.

 

  1. The combined use of zinc oxidenano and titanium dioxide nano is also a common anti-UV strategy. Their combined use can give full play to their respective advantages and improve the anti-ultraviolet effect.

Since a single oxide absorbs ultraviolet light in a limited wavelength range, the preparation of UV-resistant nanocomposite oxides has attracted increasing attention from researchers.

For example, nano titania mainly has good absorption performance at 280~350nm, but its absorption at 350~400nm is weak. Although nano ZnO’s short-wave absorption performance is not as good as nano TiO2, it can provide very broad-spectrum protection and inhibit UVA.

The experimental results were found through the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of pure TiO2 and nano ZnO/TiO2 composite particles: at the same concentration, the ultraviolet transmittance of the system containing nano-TiO2 in the 280 ~ 322nm band is only 1%, and the ultraviolet transmittance in the 322 ~ 351nm band is only 1%. The transmittance is 1%~15%, the ultraviolet transmittance in the 351~400nm band is 15%~46%, and its ultraviolet transmittance in the 322~400nm band shows a linear upward trend; while the ultraviolet transmittance of nano-ZnO/TiO2 composite particles in the range of 280-351nm band is always 15%, and the transmittance in the 351 ~ 400nm band is only 15%-18%, the increase in ultraviolet transmittance is not significant.

It can be seen that the UV shielding performance of nano-TiO2 below 351nm is higher than that of nano-ZnO/TiO2, while above 351nm, the UV-shielding performance of nano-ZnO/TiO2 is much higher than nano-TiO2. Although the absorption of nano-ZnO/TiO2 in the UVB region is not as good as that of nano TiO2, its blocking effect on long-wave UVA is better than that of nano-TiO2. It can also be seen that the ultraviolet transmittance of the composite particles in the entire UVB and UVA bands is very small, always below 15%, knowing that this composite particle has a strong ability to shield ultraviolet rays.

 

To sum up, nano zinc oxide and nano titanium dioxide play an important role in the field of UV resistance. Their excellent performance and wide application make them key ingredients in protective products, providing effective protection for people’s health and safety.

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Nano Materials applied in flexible screens

The beauty of flexibility is everywhere. The development of flexible screens can be applied to all walks of life, make life more concise and convenient. Here are some nano materials that can be used for flexible screens:

ITO nanopowder

ITO (tin oxidation) transparent conductive film has become the most important touch layer material for display screens such as non -curved LCD and OLED due to many reasons such as good light transmission, low thickness, excellent hardness and electrical conductivity, and mature production process. However, ITO is a kind of crispy material, not suitable for the flexible touch layer that can be curved or even bent at will, and the cost is high.

Nano graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nanowires, etc.

At present, the main substitutes for ITO materials are: nano graphene, carbon nanotubes, silver nano wires, and metal grids. Among them, nano graphene and carbon nanotubes are very good substitutes for ITO in terms of material itself. But graphene is still a bit far from mass production. The film made of nano -carbon tube is not as good as ITO in conductivity. Therefore, from the perspective of technology and market, metal grids and nano -silver technology will be the protagonist of recent development.

The metal grid technology mentioned here is the conductive metal mesh formed by using metal conductive materials such as silver and copper or oxides on PET and other thin film substrates. Its main advantage is that the cost of raw materials is low and good for winding. However, due to the problem of Morri interference ripples caused by good rate, yield and high -end high pixels, it is more suitable for applications with low resolution and relatively long -distance use. Desktop all -in -one machines, laptops and television products.

Nano -silver wire technology refers to applying nano -silver wire ink materials to PET or glass substrates, and then uses Laser lithography technology to portray the nano -level conductive network. Its main advantages are high rates, small line width, good conductivity and resistance, and disadvantages are high costs. And compared to metal grids, nano -silver materials have a small curvature radius, and the resistance changing rate of resistance during bending is small, plus the reasons for the width, so it is more suitable for high -resolution such as mobile phones, smart watches and bracelets. Use in close range scenes.